A total of 1218 patients with severe emphysema underwent pulmonary rehabilitation and were randomly assigned to undergo lung-volume–reduction surgery. THE ANIMAL PHYSICAL THERAPIST SPECIAL. INTEREST GROUP (ANIMAL SIG) UPDATE. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium for. Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy in Veterinary. Medicine – August 2002, Knoxville, TN. Available now for $20. They are a great resource. Contact David. The only book to cover physical therapy for dogs, Canine Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy, 2nd Edition provides an understanding of physical therapy techniques and intervention for dogs suffering from debilitating conditions. The book includes four new chapters, hundreds of illustrations that highlight key concepts and procedures, and case studies and specific therapies that can be used as guidelines for the management of clinical patients. Author Darryl Millis offers the perspective of a veterinarian skilled in orthopedics and orthopedic surgery, and co-author David Levine is a respected physical therapist with experience working with both dogs and human patients. Section I: Introduction to Physical Rehabilitation History of Canine Physical Rehabilitation Regulatory and Practice Issues for the Veterinary and Physical Therapy Professions Conceptual Overview of Physical Therapy, Veterinary Medicine, and Canine Rehabilitation Section II: Basic Science of Veterinary Rehabilitation Canine Behavior Canine Anatomy Tissue Healing: Tendons, Ligaments, Bone, Muscles, and Cartilage Responses of Musculoskeletal Tissues to Disuse and Remobilization Exercise Physiology Exercise Physiology of the Canine Athlete - NEW! Section III: Patient Assessment and Management Orthopedic and Neurologic Examination Canine Locomotion Analysis The Physical Rehabilitation Evaluation - NEW! Assessing and Measuring Outcomes Rehabilitating the Painful Patient: Pain Management in Physical Rehabilitation - NEW! The Role of Chondroprotectants, Nutraceuticals, and Nutrition in Rehabilitation Nursing Care of the Rehabilitation Patient - NEW! Nursing Care of the Rehabilitation Patient - NEW! Devices for Ambulation Assistance in Companion Animals - NEW! Section IV: Therapeutic Modalities Superficial Thermal Modalities Therapeutic Ultrasound Electrical Stimulation - NEW! Therapeutic Lasers in Canine Rehabilitation - NEW! Applications of Extracorporeal Shock Wave in Small Animal Practice - NEW! Other Modalities in Veterinary Rehabilitation - NEW! Section V: Therapeutic Exercise and Manual Therapy Biomechanics of Physical Rehabilitation and Kinematics of Exercise - NEW! Range-of-Motion and Stretching Exercises Joint Mobilization - NEW! Massage Exercises for Proprioception, Balance, and Joint Position Awareness Therapeutic Exercises: Early Limb Use Exercises Therapeutic Exercises: Joint Motion, Strengthening, Endurance and Speed Exercises Aquatic Therapy Section VI: Physical Therapy for Specific Diagnoses Common Orthopedic Conditions and Their Physical Rehabilitation Common Conditions and Physical Rehabilitation of the Athletic Patient - NEW! Neurologic Conditions and Physical Rehabilitation of the Neurologic Patient Physical Rehabilitation for Geriatric and Arthritic Patients Physical Therapy for Wound Care - NEW! Physical Rehabilitation for the Critically Injured Veterinary Patient Development of a Rehabilitation Facility for Small Animals and Business Considerations Appendix 1: Protocol Development and Protocols Appendix 2: Manufacturers of Supplies and Equipment - NEW! Glossary Index. Bridging the gap between human physical therapy and veterinary medicine, Canine Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy, 2nd Edition provides vets, veterinary students, and human physical therapists with traditional and alternative physical therapy methods to effectively evaluate and treat dogs with various debilitating conditions. Coverage includes treatment protocols for many types of cutaneous, neurologic, and musculoskeletal injuries to facilitate a faster and more complete recovery. 'Overall, this book is an extensive text for anyone interested in pursuing canine rehabilitation and physical therapy' Reviewed by: Helen Davies, University of Melbourne on behalf of Australian Veterinary Journal, March 2015.
0 Comments
Evasi0n: iREB-r7: need help? Leave a comment. May 28, 2017. Tinyumbrella-6.14.00 + iREB-r7.exe 4.85 MB. File Size: 14.58 KB Tiny Umbrella for Mac. TinyUmbrella makes it possible for you to restore the firmware in the iPhone. Tiny Umbrella 7.11.00. Free Download Safe download. Tinyumbrella-6 14 00 iREB-r7 >> software: 3 years ago: 10 Mb: 0: 0. IREB & iOS 6:. This page will guide you in the right direction for popular software downloads, such as the latest Microsoft Windows software. Dec 29, 2012. Redsn0w 0.9.14b2 - for downgrading iPad Baseband 6.15.00 without GPS to iPhone baseband 5.13.04 unlocked and perfectly working GPS - the official iPhone iOS 4.2.1 firmware - iREB r6 for Windows (more stable than the current iREB r7) & [f0recast. A new iREB for Mac is available. Use sn0wbreeze. Edit 2013-04-26 by PierreP: Try first the which includes a custom firmware that let's you skip the steps 1 & 2 below. If it fails then follow steps 2, 3 & 4 below which worked absolutely fine for me on several iPhone 3G running iOS 3.1.3 or iOS 4.2.1 and impossible to carrier unlock Modem Firmware (a.k.a baseband or bb) 05.15.04 using my laptop running Windows 7 64-bit. ***** If your iPhone 3G is running with > Settings > General > About > Modem Firmware: 05.15.04 or 05.14.02 and your SIM is working with cellular service then you have a Factory Unlocked device or the original SIM so you do not need this tutorial! If your iPhone 3G is Factory Unlocked, you do not have to upgrade/downgrade your Baseband 05.15.04 because the point of this process is to be able to carrier unlock it to be able to use SIM's from any cellular provider. Just follow the instructions here: and install Whited00r Normal Version. ***** All other users, follow the tutorial below to free unlock your iPhone 3G on Modem Firmware 05.15.04 or 05.14.02 (a.k.a. Baseband or BB). ====== HELLO WORLD! Here is my tutorial on how to upgrade and downgrade your iPhone 3G and free carrier unlock it if you're stuck with the impossible to unlock 05.15.04 or 05.14.02 baseband: Free Software we will be using on a Windows computer: - - custom firmware creator - - for upgrading locked baseband 05.15.04 to the unlockable iPad baseband 06.15.00 - - for downgrading iPad Baseband 6.15.00 without GPS to iPhone baseband 5.13.04 unlocked and perfectly working GPS - - (more stable than the current iREB r 7) &. A new is available. Use sn0wbreeze 2.9.6 to create a custom firmware based on the official 4.2.1. Start sn0wbreeze and hit OK 1b. Click the arrow, browse for the 4.2.1 official firmware, click the arrow 1c. Click Expert mode 1d. Click General and hit the arrow 1e. Check all the options and leave the root partition size as it is and hit the arrow 1f. Check install iPad baseband and hit the arrow 1g. Custom boot logo (as you wish), hit the arrow 1h. Skip the custom apps, hit the arrow 1i. Select Build IPSW and hit the arrow 1j. The waiting game (stick with the spinner or play PacMan) 1k. After it's done it will guide you to put your phone in DFU mode. With your phone in DFU mode start iTunes and on the iPhone restore Shift+Restore and select the sn0wbreeze firmware saved on your desktop. It should start restoring your phone. (another waiting game) 1n. After the process is finished you should go to Settings > General > About and at the bottom there should be Modem Firmware: 6.15.00 2. ***only for those who still don't have the iPad baseband 06.15.00 after step 1| the rest of you go to step 3*** 2a. Connect your iPhone to the computer. Hold the lock button and swipe to shut down the phone. Open redsn0w 0.9.6rc16 (if you're using Windows Vista/7/8 right click it and Run as Administrator) 2c. Click Browse and select the official 4.2.1 firmware. Wait and click Next 2d. From the list deselect everything and select only Install iPad baseband and click Next 2e. If you know how to put your phone to DFU mode you can do it right now, if you don't click Next and follow the instructions 2f. With the phone in DFU mode redsn0w will start to update the baseband. (yes.another waiting game)!!! DO NOT DISCONNECT THE PHONE DURING PROCESS!!! Phone reboots and you should have the baseband 6.15.00 at Settings > General > About 3. Using to downgrade Baseband 06.15.00 to 05.13.04 3a. Shut down the phone again 3b. Start redsn0w 0.9.14b2 (if you're using Windows Vista/7/8: right-click redsn0w.exe and Run as Administrator) 3c. Click Extras > Select IPsW > browse for the 4.2.1 official firmware > OK > Back 3d. Click Jailbreak > *preparing jailbreak data* > select ONLY Downgrade from iPad baseband > Next > Put phone in DFU mode or follow the instructions for that 3e. Another waiting game!!!! DO NOT DISCONNECT THE PHONE DURING PROCESS!!! It could take up to 10 minutes to complete. IPhone reboots and here you go! Now you should have the 5.13.04 baseband at Settings > General > About > and scroll down to Modem Firmware (a.k.a. If the Modem Firmware field is blank: turn off the iPhone, wait a couple of seconds turn on and do it again. If the data is still blank after restarting twice then follow the Restore to iPhone OS 3.1.3 chapter in the 4. Use the free iREB to put the iPhone 3G in before using iTunes to update to the Whited00r 6 firmware and prevent iTunes errors 1015, 16xx, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603 & 1604. You can also use iREB if you are stuck in a Recovery Mode Loop after flashing Whited00r: After all this trouble you can now install Whited00r 6.0 Unlocked version by following the W - Whited00r will not change your new Baseband! And don't forget to reboot twice before making any modifications to the iPhone as explained in the tutorial and set the iPhone as New in iTunes. ############################################################## Original post: Hello world! So.it's been 3 days since i'm trying to install whited00r on my iPhone 3g with no luck. I have an iPhone 3G running iOS 4.2.1 on baseband 05.15.04-6.4_M3S2 (tinyumbrella info). The software that i used: redsn0w_win_0.9.15b3, iREB-r6, tinyumbrella-6.01.01 and the firmwares: iOS 4.2.1 iPad Baseband, iOS 4.2.1 official, whited00r 6.0. Following the tutorial on whited00r web page did not help me. After i install whited00r 6.0 i can't get any network and signal to my phone. So after some searching i found that my baseband can't be unlocked so i have to upgrade to iPad baseband and after that downgrade. So here's the big problem. If i install using iTunes the firmware that you provide in tutorial (iOS 4.2.1 iPad Baseband) still no network or signal for my phone and in Settings > General> About the baseband is the same 05.15.04. Trying to install the iPad baseband using redsn0w dosn't work. I selesct the 4.2.1 official firmware, i hit jailbreak, in the list i only check install iPad baseband, put the phone in DFU mode, it loads the ramdisk etc., but my phone remains on a black light screen (no info, no pineapple logo no nothing) and the process fails. Tried this several times. I did a fresh install of my windows system run the process again managed to get it work on the phone, but after the redsn0w finished and rebooted my phone it got stuck at the apple logo. Now i'm back to the black light screen and nothing seems to work. Any idea on how to make it work? PierreP Moderator edit: did some formatting, added some links & images. Edit 2013-01-10: See also this thread with 2 other solutions: ===== I would suggest to edit your thread title with relevant keywords to attract experts who may know how to solve your problem like so for example: iPhone 3G Carrier Unlock Problem Baseband 05.15.04 I'm a bit confused, which firmware, baseband & bootloader you have on the phone currently? Have you tried the suggestions here? You could also try the iClarified Unlock wizard for iPhone 3G: You might find some solutions using After unlocking I would install the whited00r 6 Unlocked version on top of 4.2.1 if that is what you have currently. FWIW my baseband is 05.13.04 on iPhone 3G running whited00r 6 and it is working fine. @PierreP Model: iPhone 3G Firmware: 4.2.1 Baseband: 05.15.04-6.4_M3S2 (i think the 6.4_M3S2 is the bootloader) I've followed the tutorials here on whited00r but no success. As the tutorial says for my baseband: '5.14.04: upgrade your baseband to 6.15.00 and then downgrade to 5.12.01.' And I've explained in the first post what happened when i tried to upgrade baseband Using the unlocked version still the same.no signal or network. @Julio Cesar After creating the.ipsw with sn0wbreeze 2.9.6 and putting the phone in DFU mode the shift+restore in iTunes gives me the 1600 error. UpdateStar is compatible with Windows platforms. UpdateStar has been tested to meet all of the technical requirements to be compatible with Windows 10, 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, 2008, and Windows XP, 32 bit and 64 bit editions. Simply double-click the downloaded file to install it. UpdateStar Free and UpdateStar Premium come with the same installer. UpdateStar includes such as English, German, French, Italian, Hungarian, Russian and. You can choose your language settings from within the program. Mar 22, 2014. Continuing with the last post's theme of Bud Powell's influence, here are four licks that outline the major ii-V-I progression, each with a connection to Bud. I encourage readers to leave a comment mentioning a short lick from a bop tune, transcribed solo or recording (maybe even a ii-V or ii-V-I pattern). He plays both standards and his originals and it a great document of Bud in his prime. More to come! These recordings from a live concert in Europe are a good example of what Bud Powell was capable of late in his career. This period of Bud Powell's recording are sometimes overlooked, but they are terrific. I transcribed. Sep 11, 2017. Ing “words”, and how to effectively combine them. At this point, we can already start to combine the sentences deduced, so as to. The Bud Powell Collection: Piano Transcriptions (Artist Transcrip- tions). Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard. Bebop Bible the Musicians. Attention, Internet Explorer User Announcement: VMware Communities has discontinued support for Internet Explorer 7 and below. In order to provide the best platform for continued innovation, VMware Communities no longer supports Internet Explorer 7. VMware Communities will not function with this version of Internet Explorer. Please consider upgrading to Internet Explorer 8, 9, or 10, or trying another browser such as Firefox, Safari, or Google Chrome. (Please remember to honor your company's IT policies before installing new software!) • • • •. Post by bphlpt » Tue Feb 02, 2016 4:16 am. GH0st wrote: What ISO file? The XP SP4 MUI Pack listed here - 755#140755, which is what I thought your torrent was until I finally got it and looked inside. Cheers and Regards. Mar 19, 2014. Windows Xp Professional 64 Bit Jpn Iso Torrent > Windows Xp Professional 64 Bit Jpn Iso Torrent The Pogues - 30:30 - The Essential Collection (2013) [MP3/FLAC].torrent interstate 76 free full version. Outkast-Self-Injected Reality full album zip. Optimize your storage and back up your files because the Windows Fall Update is just around the corner. At the IFA Keynote in Berlin Terry Meyerson, VP of the Windows. To install support for East Asian Languages in Windows XP, open Control Panel and double-click Regional and Language Options. Click on the Languages tab and check the box next to Install files for East Asian Languages. Windows xp install files for east asian languages without cd Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 Firewalls. If you plan to install Oracle Database XE Server onto a computer running Do you regularly need to type in multiple languages in Windows? Here we'll show you the. Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems in 2010, and since that time Oracle's hardware and software engineers have worked side-by-side to build fully integrated systems and designed to achieve performance levels that are unmatched in the industry. Early examples include the, and the first, both introduced in late 2010. During 2011, Oracle introduced the, a general-purpose, engineered system with that delivered record-breaking performance on a series of enterprise benchmarks. Oracle's SPARC-based systems are some of the most scalable, reliable, and secure products available today. Sun's prized software portfolio has continued to develop as well, with new releases of,, and the recent introduction of. Oracle invests in innovation by designing hardware and software systems that are engineered to work together. You must be logged on as an administrator or a member of the Administrators group in order to complete this procedure. If your computer is connected to a network, network policy settings may also prevent you from completing this procedure. Open Regional and Language Options in Control Panel. On the Languages tab, under Supplemental language support, select the Install files for East Asian languages check box. Click OK or Apply. You will prompted to insert the Windows CD-ROM or point to a network location where the files are located. After the files are installed, you must restart your computer. Note • To open Regional and Language Options, click Start, click Control Panel, click Date, Time, Language, and Regional Options, and then click Regional and Language Options. • The East Asian languages include Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. The files for most other languages are installed on your computer automatically by Windows. • It is recommended that you install these files only if you are going to be entering or receiving text in one or more of these languages. I need to install those file on Windows XP workstations. Is there any way to make a silent installation? I've tried to capture the difference with Wise but I think it's not the best. This is an alternative for those who can not access their Operating System Installation Disc to install the East Asian Language Pack. Most of these files were individually hunted down on the internet. Big thanks to dlldump.com who had all of the DLL files in their database. Sep 07, 2012 This is an alternative for those who can not access their Operating System Installation Disc to install the East Asian Language Pack. Most of these files. The Chinese, Japanese, and Korean files require about 230 megabytes (MB) of space on your hard disk. In addition to the language files, Input Method Editors (IMEs) are installed for each of the three languages. • After you install the East Asian language files on your computer's hard disk, you must add the individual languages for which you want to enter and display text. After you add a language, the language is loaded into memory every time you start your computer. For more information, click Related Topics. • To remove the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean files from your computer, clear the check box, and then click OK or Apply. This is a list of Xbox 360 games that support 3D. Welcome to the Windows 10 game development guide! This guide provides an end-to-end collection of the resources and information you'll need to develop a Universal Windows Platform (UWP) game. An English (US) version of this guide is available in format. Introduction to game development for the Universal Windows Platform (UWP) When you create a Windows 10 game, you have the opportunity to reach millions of players worldwide across phone, PC, and Xbox One. With Xbox on Windows, Xbox Live, cross-device multiplayer, an amazing gaming community, and powerful new features like the Universal Windows Platform (UWP) and DirectX 12, Windows 10 games thrill players of all ages and genres. The new Universal Windows Platform (UWP) delivers compatibility for your game across Windows 10 devices with a common API for phone, PC, and Xbox One, along with tools and options to tailor your game to each device experience. This guide provides an end-to-end collection of information and resources that will help you as you develop your game. The sections are organized according to the stages of game development, so you'll know where to look for information when you need it. To get started, the section provides a high-level survey of documentation, programs, and other resources that are helpful when creating a game. Dec 12, 2013. You can start building your XBOX One game using C++ / DirectX NOW by creating a Windows 8 Direct3D App project using the template provided in Visual Studio 2012. When you are registered and get the SDK/XDK you will get the additional bits to publish and test to the XBOX One. If you want to start by looking at some UWP code, see. This guide will be updated as additional Windows 10 game development resources and material become available. Game development resources From documentation to developer programs, forums, blogs, and samples, there are many resources available to help you on your game development journey. Here's a roundup of resources to know about as you begin developing your Windows 10 game. Note Some features are managed through various programs. This guide covers a broad range of resources, so you may find that some resources are inaccessible depending on the program you are in or your specific development role. Examples are links that resolve to developer.xboxlive.com, forums.xboxlive.com, xdi.xboxlive.com, or the Game Developer Network (GDN). For information about partnering with Microsoft, see. Game development documentation Throughout this guide, you'll find deep links to relevant documentation—organized by task, technology, and stage of game development. To give you a broad view of what's available, here are the main documentation portals for Windows 10 game development. Windows Dev Center main portal Developing Windows apps Universal Windows Platform app development How-to guides for UWP games DirectX reference and overviews Azure for gaming UWP on Xbox One UWP on HoloLens Xbox Live documentation Xbox One developer documentation (GDN) Xbox One developer whitepapers (GDN) Mixer Interactive documentation Windows Dev Center Registering a developer account on the Windows Dev Center is the first step towards publishing your Windows game. A developer account lets you reserve your game's name and submit free or paid games to the Microsoft Store for all Windows devices. Use your developer account to manage your game and in-game products, get detailed analytics, and enable services that create great experiences for your players around the world. Microsoft also offers several developer programs to help you develop and publish Windows games. We recommend seeing if any are right for you before registering for a Dev Center account. For more info, go to Register a developer account Developer programs Microsoft offers several developer programs to help you develop and publish Windows games. Consider joining a developer program if you want to develop games for Xbox One and integrate Xbox Live features in your game. To publish a game in the Microsoft Store, you'll also need to create a developer account on Windows Dev Center. Xbox Live Creators Program The Xbox Live Creators Program allows anyone to integrate Xbox Live into their title and publish to Xbox One and Windows 10. There is a simplified certification process and no concept approval is required outside of the standard. You can deploy, design, and publish your game in the Creators Program without a dedicated dev kit, using only retail hardware. To get started, download the on your Xbox One. If you want access to even more Xbox Live capabilities, dedicated marketing and development support, and the chance to be featured in the main Xbox One store, apply to the program. Xbox Live Creators Program ID@Xbox The ID@Xbox program helps qualified game developers self-publish on Windows and Xbox One. If you want to develop for Xbox One, or add Xbox Live features like Gamerscore, achievements, and leaderboards to your Windows 10 game, sign up with ID@Xbox. Become an ID@Xbox developer to get the tools and support you need to unleash your creativity and maximize your success. We recommend that you apply to ID@Xbox first before registering for a developer account on Windows Dev Center. ID@Xbox developer program ID@Xbox consumer site Xbox tools and middleware The Xbox Tools and Middleware Program licenses Xbox development kits to professional developers of game tools and middleware. Developers accepted into the program can share and distribute their Xbox XDK technologies to other licensed Xbox developers. Contact the tools and middleware program Game samples There are many Windows 10 game and app samples available to help you understand Windows 10 gaming features and get a quick start on game development. More samples are developed and published regularly, so don't forget to occasionally check back at sample portals to see what's new. You can also GitHub repos to be notified of changes and additions. Universal Windows Platform app samples Direct3D 12 graphics samples Direct3D 11 graphics samples Direct3D 11 first-person game sample Direct2D custom image effects sample Direct2D gradient mesh sample Direct2D photo adjustment sample Xbox Advanced Technology Group public samples Xbox Live samples Xbox One game samples (GDN) Windows game samples (MSDN Code Gallery) JavaScript and HTML5 game sample Developer forums Developer forums are a great place to ask and answer game development questions and connect with the game development community. Forums can also be fantastic resources for finding existing answers to difficult issues that developers have faced and solved in the past. Windows apps developer forums UWP apps developer forum Desktop applications developer forums DirectX Microsoft Store games (archived forum posts) Windows 10 managed partner developer forums DirectX forums Azure platform forums Xbox Live forum Developer blogs Developer blogs are another great resource for the latest information about game development. You'll find posts about new features, implementation details, best practices, architecture background, and more. Building apps for Windows blog Windows 10 (blog posts) Visual Studio engineering team blog Visual Studio developer tools blogs Somasegar's developer tools blog DirectX developer blog DirectX 12 introduction (blog post) Visual C++ tools team blog PIX team blog Universal Windows App Deployment team blog Concept and planning In the concept and planning stage, you're deciding what your game is going to be like and the technologies and tools you'll use to bring it to life. Overview of game development technologies When you start developing a game for the UWP you have multiple options available for graphics, input, audio, networking, utilities, and libraries. If you've already decided on all the technologies you'll be using in your game, great! If not, the guide is an excellent overview of many of the technologies available, and is highly recommended reading to help you understand the options and how they fit together. Survey of UWP game technologies These three GDC 2015 videos give a good overview of Windows 10 game development and the Windows 10 gaming experience. Overview of Windows 10 game development (video) Windows 10 gaming experience (video) Gaming across the Microsoft ecosystem (video) Game planning These are some high level concept and planning topics to consider when planning for your game. Make your game accessible Build games using cloud Monetize your game Choosing your graphics technology and programming language There are several programming languages and graphics technologies available for use in Windows 10 games. The path you take depends on the type of game you’re developing, the experience and preferences of your development studio, and specific feature requirements of your game. Will you use C#, C++, or JavaScript? DirectX, XAML, or HTML5? DirectX Microsoft DirectX is the choice to make for the highest-performance 2D and 3D graphics and multimedia. Direct3D 12, new in Windows 10, brings the power of a console-like API and is faster and more efficient than ever before. Your game can fully utilize modern graphics hardware and feature more objects, richer scenes, and enhanced effects. Direct3D 12 delivers optimized graphics on Windows 10 PCs and Xbox One. If you want to use the familiar graphics pipeline of Direct3D 11, you’ll still benefit from the new rendering and optimization features added to Direct3D 11.3. And, if you’re a tried-and-true desktop Windows API developer with roots in Win32, you’ll still have that option in Windows 10. The extensive features and deep platform integration of DirectX provide the power and performance needed by the most demanding games. DirectX for UWP development Tutorial: How to create a UWP DirectX game DirectX overviews and reference Direct3D 12 programming guide and reference Graphics and DirectX 12 development videos (YouTube channel) XAML XAML is an easy-to-use declarative UI language with convenient features like animations, storyboards, data binding, scalable vector-based graphics, dynamic resizing, and scene graphs. XAML works great for game UI, menus, sprites, and 2D graphics. To make UI layout easy, XAML is compatible with design and development tools like Expression Blend and Microsoft Visual Studio. XAML is commonly used with C#, but C++ is also a good choice if that’s your preferred language or if your game has high CPU demands. XAML platform overview XAML UI and controls HTML 5 HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a common UI markup language used for web pages, apps, and rich clients. Windows games can use HTML5 as a full-featured presentation layer with the familiar features of HTML, access to the Universal Windows Platform, and support for modern web features like AppCache, Web Workers, canvas, drag-and-drop, asynchronous programming, and SVG. Behind the scenes, HTML rendering takes advantage of the power of DirectX hardware acceleration, so you can still get the performance benefits of DirectX without writing any extra code. HTML5 is a good choice if you are proficient with web development, porting a web game, or want to use language and graphics layers that can be easier to approach than the other choices. HTML5 is used with JavaScript, but can also call into components created with C# or C++/CX. HTML5 and Document Object Model information The HTML5 W3C Recommendation Combining presentation technologies The Microsoft DirectX Graphics Infrastructure (DXGI) provides interop and compatibility across multiple graphics technologies. For high-performance graphics, you can combine XAML and DirectX, using XAML for menus and other simple UI, and DirectX for rendering complex 2D and 3D scenes. DXGI also provides compatibility between Direct2D, Direct3D, DirectWrite, DirectCompute, and the Microsoft Media Foundation. DirectX Graphics Infrastructure programming guide and reference Combining DirectX and XAML C++ C++/CX is a high-performance, low overhead language that provides the powerful combination of speed, compatibility, and platform access. C++/CX makes it easy to use all of the great gaming features in Windows 10, including DirectX and Xbox Live. You can also reuse existing C++ code and libraries. C++/CX creates fast, native code that doesn’t incur the overhead of garbage collection, so your game can have great performance and low power consumption, which leads to longer battery life. Use C++/CX with DirectX or XAML, or create a game that uses a combination of both. C++/CX reference and overviews Visual C++ programming guide and reference C# C# (pronounced 'C sharp') is a modern, innovative language that is simple, powerful, type-safe, and object-oriented. C# enables rapid development while retaining the familiarity and expressiveness of C-style languages. Though easy to use, C# has numerous advanced language features like polymorphism, delegates, lambdas, closures, iterator methods, covariance, and Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) expressions. C# is an excellent choice if you are targeting XAML, want to get a quick start developing your game, or have previous C# experience. C# is used primarily with XAML, so if you want to use DirectX, choose C++ instead, or write part of your game as a C++ component that interacts with DirectX. Or, consider, an immediate mode Direct2D graphics libary for C# and C++. C# programming guide and reference JavaScript JavaScript is a dynamic scripting language widely used for modern web and rich client applications. Windows JavaScript apps can access the powerful features of the Universal Windows Platform in an easy, intuitive way—as methods and properties of object-oriented JavaScript classes. JavaScript is a good choice for your game if you’re coming from a web development environment, are already familiar with JavaScript, or want to use HTML5, CSS, WinJS, or JavaScript libraries. If you’re targeting DirectX or XAML, choose C# or C++/CX instead. JavaScript and Windows Runtime reference Use Windows Runtime Components to combine languages With the Universal Windows Platform, it’s easy to combine components written in different languages. Create Windows Runtime Components in C++, C#, or Visual Basic, and then call into them from JavaScript, C#, C++, or Visual Basic. This is a great way to program portions of your game in the language of your choice. Components also let you consume external libraries that are only available in a particular language, as well as use legacy code you’ve already written. How to create Windows Runtime Components Which version of DirectX should your game use? If you are choosing DirectX for your game, you'll need to decide which version to use: Microsoft Direct3D 12 or Microsoft Direct3D 11. Direct3D 12, new in Windows 10, brings the power of a console-like API and is faster and more efficient than ever before. Your game can fully utilize modern graphics hardware and feature more objects, richer scenes, and enhanced effects. Direct3D 12 delivers optimized graphics on Windows 10 PCs and Xbox One. Since Direct3D 12 works at a very low level, it is able to give an expert graphics development team or an experienced DirectX 11 development team all the control they need to maximize graphics optimization. Direct3D 11.3 is a low level graphics API that uses the familiar Direct3D programming model and handles for you more of the complexity involved in GPU rendering. It is also supported in Windows 10 and Xbox One. If you have an existing engine written in Direct3D 11, and you're not quite ready to make the jump to Direct3D 12, you can use Direct3D 11 on 12 to achieve some performance improvements. Versions 11.3+ contain the new rendering and optimization features enabled also in Direct3D 12. Choosing Direct3D 12 or Direct3D 11 Overview of Direct3D 11 Overview of Direct3D 11 on 12 Bridges, game engines, and middleware Depending on the needs of your game, using bridges, game engines, or middleware can save development and testing time and resources. Here are some overview and resources for bridges, game engines, and middleware to help you decide if any are right for you. Game Development with Middleware (video) Introduction to game middleware (blog post) Universal Windows Platform Bridges Universal Windows Platform Bridges are technologies that bring your existing app or game over to the UWP. Bridges are a great way to get a quick start on UWP game development. UWP bridges Windows Bridge for iOS Windows Bridge for desktop applications (.NET and Win32) Unity Unity offers a platform for creating beautiful and engaging 2D, 3D, VR, and AR games and apps. It enables you to realize your creative vision fast and delivers your content to virtually any media or device. Beginning with Unity 5.4, Unity supports Direct3D 12 development. Note If you would like to develop Xbox Live enabled titles, there are several options are available to you. For info about the various programs, see. UpdateStar is compatible with Windows platforms. UpdateStar has been tested to meet all of the technical requirements to be compatible with Windows 10, 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, 2008, and Windows XP, 32 bit and 64 bit editions. Simply double-click the downloaded file to install it. UpdateStar Free and UpdateStar Premium come with the same installer. UpdateStar includes such as English, German, French, Italian, Hungarian, Russian and. You can choose your language settings from within the program. Quality Touch Screen Kiosk manufacturers & exporter - buy Mercedes Advertisting Touch Screen Kiosk Digital Signage Wifi All In One Rotatable Lcd Screen from China manufacturer. Statistical Techniques| Statistical Mechanics. Hi bought this from kmd and have Bluesoliel one and not the WIDCOMM one the cd which came with shows it evaluation software tried all softwares of anycom in the thread link tried HP stack, toshiba stack, widicomm but still its not working Downloaded a working bluesoliel software from other means but its not working in nokia pc suite have the latest pc suite installed but it doesnt show in it. I would be grateful if somebody can give me a solution for this i am not even using the dongle to its optimum utilization i read in the thread that many others were also not able to use it any updates guys?? In amazon reviews at the reviews say that people were not able to use it with x64 (suggestions can also be sent by pms hyeah: ) thanks in advance. Click to expand.i have 2 dongles where'Bus Reported Device Description ' is ISSCBTM and Manufacturer is IVT Corporation one of them is kmd's one both dont work natively in win 7 x64 i have another one of Conwise Tech which works natively in win 7 Both the IVT dongles when i insert them without 3 party software win7 doesnt recognize them ie their hardware description. It shows them as bluetooth radios in device manager with the yellow dot and the error is windows couldnt start the hardware etc. Point is it doesnt show hardware ids in the details tab in device manager. If a 3 party software like a Bluesoliel taken from rapidhare etc. Is installed then it works fine and shows the correct details. There is also no advanced tab also where all Name, Address, Manufacture id and HCI version is given. The third dongle i have of conwise gets installed by default but there r lots of unknown Bluetooth Peripheral device. Pls see the pic att when i try to search online this is the error error pic att i get the same error for the IVT dongles also now the funny part conwise doesnt use the Bluesoliel software but uses the win 7 default bluetooth drivers even when Bluesoliel is installed. Harware ids USB VID_0E5E&PID_6622&REV_0134 Conwise USB VID_1131&PID_1001&REV_0373 IVT kmd's. Csr dongle bluetooth driver windows 7 csr bluetooth radio driver xp csr plc driver csr generic bluetooth radio driver csr drivers windows 7 csr plc drivers csrbetween bluetooth asus driver csr bluetooth driver download vista csr usb bluetooth driver xp cyber-blue usb bluetooth driver cyber-blue bluetooth usb driver. Slickdeals: slickdeals (hot topics) techbargains: Dell - Inspiron 2-in-1 13.3' Touch-Screen Laptop - Intel Core i5 - 8GB Memory - 256GB Solid State Drive - Era Gray. Feb 28, 2009. Downloaded a working bluesoliel software from other means but its not working in nokia pc suite. Amazon.com: Customer Reviews: Cyber-Blue BlueTooth v2.0 Class 2 Slim Dongle CB-BT2-USB-DONGLE CBBT2USBDONGLE. Try to connect it and then update the driver using Microsoft Update.I think it. SetPoint 4.80: SetPoint 4.80 Bluetooth: SetPoint 4.80 BT: SetPoint 6.00 'HP DesignJet 4500 Series HP-GL/2 and HP RTL 64 Bit Driver *. Guys if somebody is ready to use 3rd party software: Bluesoliel then it works but only the older version BlueSoleil v6.0.227.0 IVT X64 latest version crashes immediately BUT nokia pc suite doesnt work with it -- BlueSoleil v6.0.227.0 IVT X64 atleast was able to use the dongle instead of it lying around u can pm me or jampack about details of BlueSoleil v6.0.227.0 IVT X64 THROUGH PM ONLY this BlueSoleil v6.0.227.0 IVT X64 version or the latest one also doesnt work with my conwise dongle. Dongle is taking native Win 7 drivers but see the pic att in post no 7. Drivers are not complete. Any solution to solving that also would be greatly appreciated. Crazy_Eddy@ thanks for merging my above 3 posts couldnt find how to do it. Why you should turn off your Bluetooth NOW: New 'BlueBorne' vulnerability can use the connection to hack a phone in just 10 seconds • Experts say hackers could connect to your device and send malicious software • Unlike normal cyber attacks, you don't need to download files to be at risk • 'BlueBorne' can endanger all major mobile, desktop and smart devices • Current security measures are not designed to deal with airborne attacks By Published: 17:08 GMT, 15 September 2017| Updated: 17:09 GMT, 15 September 2017. The BlueBorne attack vector has several stages. Firstly, the attacker finds some local Bluetooth-enabled devices. Next, they obtain the media access control address (MAC address) of the device - a unique identifier. This can be used to determine which operating system is running on it, and adjust the exploit accordingly. The attacker can exploit a vulnerability in the implementation of the Bluetooth protocol on that platform. This allows them to intercept communications or take over the device for other malicious purposes. Experts at the security firm say hackers could connect to your device and send malicious software - and unlike traditional cyber attacks, you don't need to download a file to put yourself in danger. Hackers could even use this weakness to send you ransomware or get into your employers' IT systems, according to the. Firstly, the attacker finds some local Bluetooth-enabled devices. Next, they obtain the media access control address (MAC address) of the device - a unique identifier. This can be used to determine which operating system is running on it, and adjust the exploit accordingly. The attacker can exploit a vulnerability in the implementation of the Bluetooth protocol on that platform. This allows them to intercept communications or take over the device for other malicious purposes. Unfortunately, current security measures such as endpoint protection, mobile data management, firewalls, and network security solutions are not designed to deal with airborne attacks. Instead, experts suggest that users can protect themselves by disabling Bluetooth, and only enabling it for a short time when needed, if at all. 'Spreading from device to device through the air also makes BlueBorne highly infectious. Moreover, since the Bluetooth process has high privileges on all operating systems, exploiting it provides virtually full control over the device', researchers wrote in their report. 'BlueBorne can serve any malicious objective, such as cyber espionage, data theft, ransomware, and even creating large botnets out of IoT [Internet of Things] devices 'The BlueBorne attack vector surpasses the capabilities of most attack vectors by penetrating secure “air-gapped” networks which are disconnected from any other network, including the internet.' Unfortunately, current security measures such as endpoint protection, mobile data management, firewalls, and network security solutions are not designed to deal with airborne attacks. Experts suggest that users can protect themselves by disabling Bluetooth, and only enabling it for a short time when needed, if at all. 'Unlike the common misconception, Bluetooth enabled devices are constantly searching for incoming connections from any devices, and not only those they have been paired with', researchers wrote. 'This means a Bluetooth connection can be established without pairing the devices at all. 'This makes BlueBorne one of the most broad potential attacks found in recent years, and allows an attacker to strike completely undetected', they warned. • • •|| Technetium is a with symbol Tc and 43. It is the lightest element whose isotopes are all; none are. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in the Earth's crust. Naturally occurring technetium is a spontaneous in or the product of in ores. The chemical properties of this silvery gray, crystalline are intermediate between and. Many of technetium's properties were predicted by before the element was discovered. Mendeleev noted a gap in his and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name ( Em). In 1937, technetium (specifically the isotope) became the first predominantly artificial element to be produced, hence its name (from the Greek τεχνητός, meaning 'artificial', + ). One short-lived -emitting of technetium——is used in for a wide variety of diagnostic tests. The ground state of this, technetium-99, is used as a gamma-ray-free source of. Long-lived produced commercially are by-products of the of in and are extracted from. Because no isotope of technetium has a longer than 4.2 million years (), the 1952 detection of technetium in, which are billions of years old, helped to prove that stars can produce heavier elements. Pertechnetate is one of the most available forms of technetium. It is structurally related to. STP1543 Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: 17th Volume. STP1576 Small Specimen Test Techniques: 6th Volume. STP1579 Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 34th Volume, Translating Basic Science into Products. STP1580 Bearing Steel Technologies: 10th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling. Allotropic Modification. Linear Thermical Expansion Coefficient. Specific Heat. 0,067 cal /g/°C. Specific Electrical Resistance. Macroscopic Cross-Section for Thermical Neutrons. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Schemel “ASTM Manual on Zirconium and Hafnium”, ASTM STP. The most prevalent form of technetium that is easily accessible is sodium pertechnetate, Na[TcO 4]. The majority of this material is produced by radioactive decay from [ 99MoO 4] 2−: [ 99MoO 4] 2− → [ 99TcO 4] − + γ (tetroxidotechnetate) TcO − 4 behaves analogously to perchlorate, with which it is isostructural. Unlike ( MnO − 4), it is only a weak oxidizing agent. Related to pertechnetate is. This pale-yellow, volatile solid is produced by oxidation of Tc metal and related precursors: 4 Tc + 7 O 2 → 2 Tc 2O 7 It is a very rare example of a molecular metal oxide, other examples being and. It adopts a structure with two types of Tc−O bonds with 167 and 184 pm bond lengths. Technetium heptoxide hydrolyzes to and, depending on the pH: Tc 2O 7 + 2 OH − → 2 TcO 4 − + H 2O Tc 2O 7 + H 2O → 2 HTcO 4 Dark red, HTcO 4 is a strong acid. In concentrated, [TcO 4] − converts to the octahedral form TcO 3(OH)(H 2O) 2, the conjugate base of the hypothetical tri [TcO 3(H 2O) 3] +. Other chalcogenide derivatives [ ] Technetium forms a dioxide,, di, and di. An ill-defined Tc 2S 7 forms upon treating with hydrogen sulfide. It thermally decomposes into disulfide and elemental sulfur. Similarly the dioxide can be produced by reduction of the Tc 2O 7. Unlike the case for rhenium, a trioxide has not been isolated for Tc. However, TcO 3 has been identified in the gas phase using. Simple hydride and halide complexes [ ] Technetium forms the simple complex TcH 2− 9. The potassium salt is with. The following binary (containing only two elements) technetium halides are known:, TcF 5,, TcBr 4, TcBr 3, α-TcCl 3, β-TcCl 3, TcI 3, α-TcCl 2, and β-TcCl 2. The range from Tc(VI) to Tc(II). Technetium halides exhibit different structure types, such as molecular octahedral complexes, extended chains, layered sheets, and metal clusters arranged in a three-dimensional network. These compounds are produced by combining the metal and halogen or by less direct reactions. TcCl 4 is obtained by chlorination of Tc metal or Tc 2O 7 Upon heating, TcCl 4 gives the corresponding Tc(III) and Tc(II) chlorides. TcCl 4 → α-TcCl 3 + 1/2 Cl 2 TcCl 3 → β-TcCl 2 + 1/2 Cl 2. TcCl 4 forms chain-like structures, similar to the behavior of several other metal tetrachlorides. The structure of TcCl 4 is composed of infinite zigzag chains of edge-sharing TcCl 6 octahedra. It is isomorphous to transition metal tetrachlorides of,, and. Two polymorphs of technetium trichloride exist, α- and β-TcCl 3. The α polymorph is also denoted as Tc 3Cl 9. It adopts a confacial. It is prepared by treating the chloro-acetate Tc 2(O 2CCH 3) 4Cl 2 with HCl. Like, the structure of the α-polymorph consists of triangles with short M-M distances. Β-TcCl 3 features octahedral Tc centers, which are organized in pairs, as seen also for. TcBr 3 does not adopt the structure of either trichloride phase. Instead it has the structure of, consisting of chains of confacial octahedra with alternating short and long Tc—Tc contacts. TcI 3 has the same structure as the high temperature phase of, featuring chains of confacial octahedra with equal Tc—Tc contacts. Several anionic technetium halides are known. The binary tetrahalides can be converted to the hexahalides [TcX 6] 2− (X = F, Cl, Br, I), which adopt. More reduced halides form anionic clusters with Tc-Tc bonds. The situation is similar for the related elements of Mo, W, Re. These clusters have the nuclearity Tc 4, Tc 6, Tc 8, and Tc 13. The more stable Tc 6 and Tc 8 clusters have prism shapes where vertical pairs of Tc atoms are connected by triple bonds and the planar atoms by single bonds. Every technetium atom makes six bonds, and the remaining valence electrons can be saturated by one axial and two halogen atoms such as. Coordination and organometallic complexes [ ]. ('Cardiolite') widely used for imaging of the heart. Technetium forms a variety of with organic ligands. Many have been well-investigated because of their relevance to nuclear medicine. Technetium forms a variety of compounds with Tc–C bonds, i.e. Organotechnetium complexes. Prominent members of this class are complexes with CO, arene, and cyclopentadienyl ligands. The binary carbonyl Tc 2(CO) 10 is a white volatile solid. In this molecule, two technetium atoms are bound to each other; each atom is surrounded by of five carbonyl ligands. The bond length between technetium atoms, 303 pm, is significantly larger than the distance between two atoms in metallic technetium (272 pm). Similar are formed by technetium's, manganese and rhenium. Interest in organotechnetium compounds has also been motivated by applications in. Unusual for other metal carbonyls, Tc forms aquo-carbonyl complexes, prominent being [Tc(CO) 3(H 2O) 3] +. Isotopes [ ]. The first technetium-99m generator, unshielded, 1958. A Tc-99m solution is being eluted from Mo-99 bound to a chromatographic substrate Almost two-thirds of the world's supply comes from two reactors; the at in Ontario, Canada, and the at in Petten, Netherlands. All major reactors that produce technetium-99m were built in the 1960s and are close to the. The two new Canadian reactors planned and built to produce 200% of the demand of technetium-99m relieved all other producers from building their own reactors. With the cancellation of the already tested reactors in 2008, the future supply of technetium-99m became problematic. The Chalk River reactor was shut down for maintenance in August 2009, and reopened in August 2010. The Petten reactor had a 6-month scheduled maintenance shutdown on Friday, February 19, 2010, and reopened September 2010. With millions of procedures relying on technetium-99m every year, the low supply has left a gap, leaving some practitioners to revert to techniques not used for 20 years. Somewhat allaying this issue is an announcement from the Polish that they have developed a technique to isolate technetium. Waste disposal [ ] The long half-life of technetium-99 and its potential to form species creates a major concern for long-term. Many of the processes designed to remove fission products in reprocessing plants aim at species such as (e.g., ) and (e.g., ). Hence the pertechnetate escapes through those processes. Current disposal options favor in continental, geologically stable rock. The primary danger with such practice is the likelihood that the waste will contact water, which could leach radioactive contamination into the environment. The anionic pertechnetate and tend not to adsorb into the surfaces of minerals, and are likely to be washed away. By comparison,, and tend to bind to soil particles. Technetium could be immobilized by some environments, such as microbial activity in lake bottom sediments, and the of technetium is an area of active research. An alternative disposal method,, has been demonstrated at for technetium-99. In this process, the technetium (technetium-99 as a metal target) is bombarded with to form the short-lived technetium-100 (half-life = 16 seconds) which decays by beta decay to -100. If recovery of usable ruthenium is a goal, an extremely pure technetium target is needed; if small traces of the such as and are present in the target, they are likely to undergo fission and form more which increase the radioactivity of the irradiated target. The formation of ruthenium-106 (half-life 374 days) from the 'fresh fission' is likely to increase the activity of the final ruthenium metal, which will then require a longer cooling time after irradiation before the ruthenium can be used. The actual separation of technetium-99 from spent nuclear fuel is a long process. During, it comes out as a component of the highly radioactive waste liquid. After sitting for several years, the radioactivity reduces to a level where extraction of the long-lived isotopes, including technetium-99, becomes feasible. A series of chemical processes yields technetium-99 metal of high purity. Neutron activation [ ], which decays to form technetium-99m, can be formed by the of molybdenum-98. When needed, other technetium isotopes are not produced in significant quantities by fission, but are manufactured by neutron irradiation of parent isotopes (for example, technetium-97 can be made by neutron irradiation of ). Particle accelerators [ ] The feasibility of technetium-99m production with the 22-MeV-proton bombardment of a molybdenum-100 target in medical cyclotrons following the reaction 100Mo(p,2n) 99mTc was demonstrated in 1971. The recent shortages of medical technetium-99m reignited the interest in its production by proton bombardment of isotopically-enriched (>99.5%) molybdenum-100 targets. Other techniques are being investigated for obtaining molybdenum-99 from molybdenum-100 via (n,2n) or (γ,n) reactions in particle accelerators. Applications [ ] Nuclear medicine and biology [ ]. Technetium of a neck of patient ('m' indicates that this is a nuclear isomer) is used in radioactive isotope. For example Technetium-99m is a that medical imaging equipment tracks in the human body. It is well suited to the role because it emits readily detectable 140, and its half-life is 6.01 hours (meaning that about 94% of it decays to technetium-99 in 24 hours). The chemistry of technetium allows it to be bound to a variety of biochemical compounds, each of which determines how it is metabolized and deposited in the body, and this single isotope can be used for a multitude of diagnostic tests. More than 50 common are based on technetium-99m for imaging and functional studies of the, heart muscle,,,,,,,, and. The longer-lived isotope, technetium-95m with a half-life of 61 days, is used as a to study the movement of technetium in the environment and in plant and animal systems. Industrial and chemical [ ] Technetium-99 decays almost entirely by beta decay, emitting beta particles with consistent low energies and no accompanying gamma rays. Moreover, its long half-life means that this emission decreases very slowly with time. It can also be extracted to a high chemical and isotopic purity from radioactive waste. For these reasons, it is a (NIST) standard beta emitter, and is used for equipment calibration. Technetium-99 has also been proposed for optoelectronic devices and. Like and, technetium can serve as a. In processes such as the of, it is a far more effective catalyst than either rhenium or palladium. However, its radioactivity is a major problem in safe catalytic applications. When steel is immersed in water, adding a small concentration (55 ) of potassium pertechnetate(VII) to the water protects the from corrosion, even if the temperature is raised to 250 °C (523 K). For this reason, pertechnetate has been used as an anodic inhibitor for steel, although technetium's radioactivity poses problems that limit this application to self-contained systems. While (for example) CrO 2− 4 can also inhibit corrosion, it requires a concentration ten times as high. In one experiment, a specimen of carbon steel was kept in an aqueous solution of pertechnetate for 20 years and was still uncorroded. The mechanism by which pertechnetate prevents corrosion is not well understood, but seems to involve the reversible formation of a thin surface layer (). One theory holds that the pertechnetate reacts with the steel surface to form a layer of technetium which prevents further corrosion; the same effect explains how iron powder can be used to remove pertechnetate from water. ( can also be used for the same purpose.) The effect disappears rapidly if the concentration of pertechnetate falls below the minimum concentration or if too high a concentration of other ions is added. As noted, the radioactive nature of technetium (3 MBq/L at the concentrations required) makes this corrosion protection impractical in almost all situations. Nevertheless, corrosion protection by pertechnetate ions was proposed (but never adopted) for use in. Precautions [ ] Technetium plays no natural biological role and is not normally found in the human body. Technetium is produced in quantity by nuclear fission, and spreads more readily than many radionuclides. It appears to have low chemical toxicity. For example, no significant change in blood formula, body and organ weights, and food consumption could be detected for rats which ingested up to 15 µg of technetium-99 per gram of food for several weeks. The radiological toxicity of technetium (per unit of mass) is a function of compound, type of radiation for the isotope in question, and the isotope's half-life. All isotopes of technetium must be handled carefully. The most common isotope, technetium-99, is a weak beta emitter; such radiation is stopped by the walls of laboratory glassware. The primary hazard when working with technetium is inhalation of dust; such in the lungs can pose a significant cancer risk. For most work, careful handling in a is sufficient, and a is not needed. • In 1998 John T. Armstrong of the ran 'computer simulations' of the 1925 experiments and obtained results quite close to those reported by the Noddack team. 'Using first-principles X-ray-emission spectral-generation algorithms developed at NIST, I simulated the X-ray spectra that would be expected for Van Assche's initial estimates of the Noddacks' residue compositions. The first results were surprisingly close to their published spectrum! Over the next couple of years, we refined our reconstruction of their analytical methods and performed more sophisticated simulations. The agreement between simulated and reported spectra improved further. Our calculation of the amount of element 43 required to produce their spectrum is quite similar to the direct measurements of natural technetium abundance in uranium ore published in 1999 by Dave Curtis and colleagues at Los Alamos. We can find no other plausible explanation for the Noddacks' data than that they did indeed detect fission 'masurium.' Armstrong, J. Chemical & Engineering News. 81 (36): 110.. • Irregular crystals and trace impurities raise this transition temperature to 11.2 K for 99.9% pure technetium powder.(, p. 96) • As of 2005, technetium-99 in the form of is available to holders of an permit: Hammond, C. 'The Elements'. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). • The, -forming in the are able to reduce Tc(VII) to Tc(IV). Clostridia bacteria play a role in reducing iron,, and uranium, thereby affecting these elements' solubility in soil and sediments. Their ability to reduce technetium may determine a large part of mobility of technetium in industrial wastes and other subsurface environments. J.; Dodge, C. J.; Meinken, G. 'Biotransformation of pertechnetate by Clostridia'. Radiochimica Acta. 90 (9–11): 791–797.. References [ ]. Metals make up almost 75% of all the elements in the Periodic Table, and vary widely in strength, density, corrosion resistance, melting point, electrical conductivity, and other properties. However, almost all of these properties can be altered by adding various amounts of other elements, and some characteristics can be changed by different processing methods. The possibilities are almost endless, which explains why metals can be made into so many products, from aircraft carriers to computer chips. Iron is a perfect example of these endless possibilities. Although many people think of iron as a relatively new discovery, iron was used in tools and weapons as early as 4000 BC. Pure iron is not as strong as steel, but it is very ductile, which allows it to be hammered into many useful shapes. However, it was not until 500 BC that the process was discovered for changing iron into steel. Strangely, when iron contains more than about 3% carbon, it is not designated steel, but rather cast iron. Iron is considered to be steel only if carbon content is less than about 2%. Steels Today, steels include carbon steel, silicon steel, stainless steel, tool steel, high-temperature steel, high-strength steel, duplex steel, and literally thousands of variants. In addition, they may be cast, wrought, forged, or made via powder metallurgy techniques. They may also be heat treated, coated, or given a variety of surface treatments. As examples, consider carbon steel, silicon steel, and stainless steel. • Carbon steels, also called mild steels, are defined as those steels with no more than 0.3% carbon, and they account for 90% of steel production. They serve as the structural steel beams in buildings, and form most of the structures in automobiles. High-strength/low-alloy steels have small additions of manganese, typically about 1.5%, to increase strength without increasing cost significantly. • Silicon steels, also called electrical steels, contain up to 3% silicon. They are easily magnetized, and are used in generators, transformers, motors, and other electrical applications. Silicon additions promote optimal orientation of the grain structure. During the rolling operation, grain-oriented steels are given mill treatments designed to yield exceptionally good magnetic properties in the rolling direction. • Stainless steels contain chromium in amounts ranging from 11% to about 30%. The chromium forms an adherent, protective chromium oxide film on the surface that prevents corrosion. These alloys are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, marine, and power-generation industries. In addition to chromium, advanced stainless steels may contain other elements added to improve particular characteristics. These include nickel, molybdenum, copper, titanium, aluminum, silicon, niobium, nitrogen, sulfur, and selenium. Although physical and mechanical properties of steel may be changed by adding other elements, properties may also be changed by various processing methods. Forging is one such method: By repeatedly impacting a cast material heated to red-hot, toughness is greatly improved. Another important process is heat treating, a family of processes involving heating the steel to a certain temperature in a vacuum or a gas such as ammonia, then cooling the steel either slowly or quickly, in air or water or oil. By careful selection of the parameters, properties such as hardness and toughness can be tailored. Because of the wide variations in composition, microstructure, and processing, the experienced NSL team analyzes steel products for chemistry, characterizes microstructure, and tests for the physical and mechanical properties appropriate for the specific service environment. Superalloys Superalloys are based on nickel, iron-nickel, and cobalt, and are designed to have enough strength and corrosion resistance to function at temperatures above 1000°F. They are complex alloys that include additional elements such as aluminum, chromium, titanium, tungsten, rhenium, and/or tantalum, among others. Different elements are added for specific properties such as corrosion resistance in chemical plants, or high-temperature resistance in gas turbine engines. In addition to alloying elements, advanced processing techniques such as directional solidification and single-crystal casting are critical for improved ductility and resistance to creep and fatigue at high temperatures. Because these alloys function for long periods at high temperatures, complete characterization requires testing for creep rupture strength, fatigue strength, and fracture toughness. Depending on the application, we also test for coefficient of thermal expansion, density, and melting range. In addition, because superalloys are often coated, we analyze the coating for composition, hardness, thickness, and adherence. Aluminum Aluminum is low in density, ductile, and corrosion-resistant, and it can be rolled, cast, or extruded into complex shapes. Aluminum can be alloyed with copper, magnesium, silicon, zinc, and other elements. Some alloys are almost as strong as steel, while others are malleable enough to be formed into foil. Aluminum has excellent electrical conductivity, and some alloys serve as miles-long electric transmission lines. Mechanical and physical characteristics depend on both alloying elements and process technology. Some alloys are designed for casting, while others are designed for extrusion. Aluminum alloys are frequently anodized, and others are heat treated. When characterizing aluminum, NSL checks for porosity in castings, and analyze extrusions, forgings, rolled products, and heat-treated parts for mechanical and physical properties expected of the specific alloy and its process history. Metals for electronics (copper, precious metals, gallium, silicon, arsenic, and solder alloys) Copper provides excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, malleability, and fatigue resistance in electronic devices such as printed circuit boards, connectors, semiconductor packages, and lead frames. For example, printed circuit boards are made by laminating thin sheets of copper to an insulating nonconductive substrate, then etching away the unneeded copper, leaving only the copper trace. Copper is also inside the vias, the vertical holes between layers of substrate that connect the various circuit components. On printed circuit boards, NSL analyzes the copper traces and vias for breaks, porosity, contaminants, short circuits, and other flaws by thermal imaging, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and other techniques. Precious metals such as gold, silver, palladium, and platinum are also important electrical conductors, serving as contacts, connectors, and coatings for many devices. In these applications, we test for mechanical properties, dimensional measurements, chemical composition, electrical conductivity, and grain size of the various materials. Gallium is a soft silvery metal that is a brittle solid at low temperatures. Arsenic is classified as a metalloid, an element with characteristics similar to both metals and nonmetals. These two materials are combined to form gallium arsenide, a semiconductor ubiquitous in electronic devices. Silicon and germanium are also metalloids and semiconductors that are widely used in electronics. Most s older materials today are nominally free of lead, and most contain some combination of tin, copper, silver, bismuth, indium, zinc, and/or antimony. NSL analyzes all of these materials for compliance with WEEE and RoHS directives, and tests for correct chemistry, mechanical properties, and physical characteristics. Titanium Titanium is available as “commercially pure” and as a wide range of alloys designed for a variety of applications. Its combination of high strength-to-weight ratio, outstanding mechanical properties, and excellent corrosion resistance makes titanium the material of choice for many critical applications in jet engines, aerospace structures, chemical process equipment, and medical implants. Advanced titanium materials such as titanium composites and titanium aluminides have unique properties and specialized applications. Although titanium is available in typical mill forms such as of billet, bar, and sheet, its high cost has led to development of several net shape technologies, especially castings. Superplastic forming/diffusion bonding has also become a commercial production method. Several net-shape additive manufacturing technologies based on powder metallurgy are being commercialized and/or are under development to reduce waste and eliminate the need for tooling. Examples of this technology include direct metal laser sintering, electron beam melting, and laser-engineered net shapes. Regardless of fabrication method, titanium components typically serve in critical applications and must meet very strict standards for mechanical properties, and very tight tolerances for chemical composition. NSL analyzes for composition (including trace elements) and microstructure, and tests for hardness, tensile and impact strength, porosity, melting range, and chemical resistance. We also provide particle size and particle size distribution testing. Zirconium and Hafnium Zirconium is a greyish-white lustrous metal that is very strong, malleable, corrosion-resistant, and capable of functioning very high temperatures. Zirconium is widely used in the chemical process industry because of its excellent resistance to hot sulfuric acid. It is almost transparent to thermal neutrons; therefore, one of its major applications is cladding for uranium fuel rods and other nuclear reactor components. Because it is compatible with the human body, it is used in medical applications such as surgical instruments and implants. Zirconium is also an alloying element for many metals, including superalloys, aluminum, copper, and others. Hafnium is always present in zirconium ores, and it is similar in that it is highly reactive, very strong and malleable, and has high corrosion resistance. However, its melting point is a thousand degrees higher at 4051ºF, and its density is twice that of zirconium at 13.3 g/cm 3. Although zirconium is almost transparent to thermal neutrons, hafnium absorbs them, enabling it to act as control rods in nuclear reactors. In addition, its extreme hardness enables applications in rocket thruster nozzles, welding tips, and plasma cutting torches. It is added to superalloys as a grain-boundary strengthener, and to many other alloy systems to increase strength and corrosion resistance. Refractory Metals Refractory metals have the highest melting temperatures of all the metals, except for osmium and iridium, which are members of the platinum group. Refractory metals include columbium (niobium), tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and rhenium. In spite of their high melting temperatures (all are above 3600°F), they are generally not suitable for high-temperature service because they corrode at moderate temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres. Therefore, they are frequently coated to enable service at high temperatures. Rhenium differs from the other refractory metals in that it remains ductile from subzero to high temperatures, with an elastic modulus second only to those of iridium and osmium. NSL tests refractory metal parts for wear, corrosion, and hardness. Depending on the application, we also test for fracture toughness, stress-rupture strength, tensile strength, and other properties. Zinc Zinc and its alloys are readily cast and wrought, and zinc is also an effective corrosion prevention coating for steel. Zinc alloys are cast by almost every method, including die casting, sand casting, investment casting, centrifugal casting, and many others. Impurity limits are very important for zinc alloys, because low mechanical properties and reduced corrosion resistance can be the result. Lead Lead is primarily used in lead-acid storage batteries, solders, cable sheathing, and construction. It provides sound and vibration damping and radiation shielding, and serves as an alloying element to improve machinability of steel and copper. Rare earths The rare earth elements include the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium, which are considered rare earth elements because they are typically found in the same ore deposits and have similar chemical properties. At NSL, the rare earths we most frequently encounter are samarium and neodymium, which are found in samarium-cobalt and neodymium-iron-boron magnets. Request a today. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |